It is much to be desired, that our hearts might be so affected
with a sense of divine things and so closely engaged when we are
worshipping God, that it might not be in the power of little circumstances
to interrupt and perplex us, and to make us think the service
wearisome and the time which we employ in it tedious. But as our
infirmities are many and great, and the enemy of our souls is
watchful to discompose us, if care is not taken by those who lead
in social prayer, the exercise which is approved by the judgment
may become a burden and an occasion of sin . . .
Length of Prayers
The chief fault of some good prayers is, that they are too long;
not that I think we should pray by the clock, and limit ourselves
precisely to a certain number of minutes; but it is better of
the two, that the hearers should wish the prayer had been longer,
than spend half the time in wishing it was over. This is frequently
owing to an unnecessary enlargement upon every circumstance that
offers, as well as to the repetition of the same things. If we
have been copious in pleading for spiritual blessings, it may
be best to be brief and summary in the article of intercession
for others, or if the frame of our spirits, or the circumstances
of affairs, lead us to be more large and particular in laying
the cases of others before the Lord respect should be had to this
intention in the former part of the prayer.
There are, doubtless, seasons when the Lord is pleased to favour
those who pray with a peculiar liberty: they speak because they
feel; they have a wrestling spirit and hardly know how to leave
off. When this is the case, those who join with them are seldom
wearied, though the prayer should be protracted something beyond
the usual limits. But I believe it sometimes happens, both in
praying and in preaching, that we are apt to spin out our time
to the greatest length, when we have in reality the least to say.
Long prayers should in general be avoided, especially where several
persons are to pray successively; or else even spiritual hearers
will be unable to keep up their attention. And here I would just
notice an impropriety we sometimes meet with, that when a person
gives expectation that he is just going to conclude his prayer,
something not thought of in its proper place occurring that instant
to his mind, leads him as it were to begin again. But unless it
is a matter of singular importance, it would be better omitted
for that time.
Preaching in Prayers
The prayers of some good men are more like preaching than praying.
They rather express the Lord's mind to the people, than the desires
of the people to the Lord. Indeed this can hardly be called prayer.
It might in another place stand for part of a good sermon, but
will afford little help to those who desire to pray with their
hearts. Prayer should be sententious, and made up of breathings
to the Lord, either of confession, petition, or praise. It should
be not only Scriptural and evangelical, but experimental, a simple
and unstudied expression of the wants and feelings of the soul.
It will be so if the heart is lively and affected in the duty,
it must be so if the edification of others is the point in view.
Method in Prayer
Several books have been written to assist in the gift and exercise
of prayer, and many useful hints may be borrowed from them. But
a too close attention to the method therein recommended, gives
an air of study and formality, and offends against that simplicity
which is so essentially necessary to a good prayer, that no degree
of acquired abilities can compensate for the want of it. It is
possible to learn to pray mechanically, and by rule; but it is
hardly possible to do so with acceptance and benefit to others.
When the several parts of invocation, adoration, confession, petition,
etc., follow each other in a stated order, the hearer's mind generally
goes before the speaker's voice, and we can form a tolerable conjecture
what is to come next. On this account we often find that unlettered
people who have had little or no help from books, or rather have
not been fettered by them, can pray with an unction and savour
in an unpremeditated way, while the prayers of persons of much
superior abilities, perhaps even of ministers themselves, are,
though accurate and regular, so dry and starched, then they afford
little either of pleasure or profit to spiritual mind.
The
spirit of prayer is the fruit and token of the Spirit of adoption.
The studied addresses with which some approach the throne of grace
remind us of a stranger's coming to a great man's door; he knocks
and waits, sends in his name, and goes through a course of ceremony,
before he gains admittance, while a child of the family uses no
ceremony at all, but enters freely when he pleases, because he
knows he is at home. It is true, we ought always to draw near
the Lord with great humiliation of spirit, and a sense of our
unworthiness. But this spirit is not always best expressed or
promoted by a pompous enumeration of the names and titles of the
God with whom we have to do, or by fixing in our minds beforehand
the exact order in which we propose to arrange the several parts
of our prayer. Some attention to method may be proper, for the
prevention of repetitions; and plain people may be a little defective
in it sometimes; but this defect will not be half so tiresome
and disagreeable as a studied and artificial exactness.
Peculiarities of Manner
Many -- perhaps most -- people who pray in public have some favourite
word or expression which recurs too often in their prayers, and
is frequently used as a mere expletive, having no necessary connection
with the sense of what they are speaking. The most disagreeable
of these is when the name of the blessed God, with the addition
perhaps of one or more epithets, as
Great, Glorious, Holy,
Almighty, etc., is introduced so often and without necessity,
as seems neither to indicate a due reverence in the person who
uses It, nor suited to excite reverence in those who hear. I will
not say that this is taking the Name of God in vain, in the usual
sense of the phrase: it is, however, a great impropriety, and
should be guarded against. It would be well if they who use redundant
expressions had a friend to give them a caution so that they might
with a little care be retrenched; and hardly any person can be
sensible of the little peculiarities he may inadvertently adopt,
unless he is told of them.
There are several things likewise respecting the voice and manner
of prayer, which a person may with due care correct in himself,
and which, if generally corrected, would make meetings for prayer
more pleasant than sometimes they are. . . Very loud speaking
is a fault, when the size of the place and the number of the hearers
do not render it necessary. The end of speaking (in public) is
to be heard: and when that end is attained a greater elevation
of the voice is frequency hurtful to the speaker, and is more
likely to confuse a hearer than fix his attention. I do not deny
but allowance must be made for constitution, and the warmth of
the passions, which dispose some persons to speak louder than
others. Yet such will do well to restrain themselves as much as
they can. It may seem indeed to indicate great earnestness, and
that the heart is much affected; yet it is often but false fire.
It may be thought speaking 'with power', but a person who is favoured
with the Lord's presence may pray with power in a moderate voice;
and there may be very little of the power of the Spirit, though
the voice should be heard in the street and neighbourhood.
The other extreme of speaking too low is not so frequent; but,
if we are not heard, we might as well altogether hold our peace.
It exhausts the spirits and wearies the attention, to be listening
for any length of time to a very low voice. Some words or sentences
will be lost, which will render what is heard less intelligible
and agreeable. If the speaker can be heard by the person furthest
distant from him, the rest will hear of course.
The tone of the voice is likewise to be regarded. Some have a
tone in prayer so very different from their usual way of speaking,
that their nearest friends, if not accustomed to them, could hardly
know them by their voice. Sometimes the tone is changed, perhaps
more than once, so that if our eyes did not give us more certain
information than our ears, we might think two or three persons
had been speaking by turns. It is a pity that when we approve
what is spoken we should be so easily disconcerted by an awkwardness
of delivery: yet so it often is, and probably so it will be, in
the present weak and imperfect state of human nature. It is more
to be lamented than wondered at, that sincere Christians are sometimes
forced to confess: 'He is a good man, and his prayers as to their
substance are spiritual and judicious, but there is something
so displeasing in his manner that I am always uneasy when I hear
him'.
Informality in Prayer
Contrary to this, and still more offensive, is a custom that some
have of
talking to the Lord in prayer. It is their natural
voice indeed, but it is that expression of it which they use upon
the most familiar and trivial occasions. The human voice is capable
of so many inflections and variations, that it can adapt itself
to the different sensations of the mind, as joy, sorrow, fear,
desire, etc. If a man was pleading for his life, or expressing
his thanks to the king for a pardon, common sense and decency
would teach him a suitableness of manner; and anyone who could
not understand his language might know by the sound of his words
that he was not making a bargain or telling a story. How much
more, when we speak to the King of kings, should the consideration
of his glory and our own vileness, and of the important concerns
we are engaged in before him, impress us with an air of seriousness
and reverence, and prevent us from speaking to him as if he was
altogether such an one as ourselves! The liberty to which we are
called by the gospel does not at all encourage such a pertness
and familiarity as would be unbecoming to use towards a fellow-worm,
who was a little advanced above us in worldly dignity.
I shall be glad if these hints may be of any service to those
who desire to worship God in spirit and in truth, and who wish
that whatever has a tendency to damp the spirit of devotion, either
in themselves or in others, might be avoided.
